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A Read To Understanding Fear And Reason

"In civilized life it has at last become possible for large numbers of people to pass from the cradle to the grave without ever having had a pang of genuine fear. Many of us need an attack of mental disease to teach us the meaning of the word." William James.

We have all heard the seemingly discriminating remarks that fear is normal and abnormal, and that normal fear is to be regarded as a friend, while abnormal fear should be destroyed as an enemy.

The fact is that no so called normal fear can be named which has not been clearly absent in some people who have had every cause therefore.

If you will run over human history in your mind, or look about yea in the present life, you will find here and there persons who, in situations or before objects which ought, as any fearful soul will insist, to inspire the feeling of at least normal self-protecting fear, are nevertheless wholly without the feeling.


They possess every feeling and thought demanded except fear. The idea of self-preservation is as strongly present as with the most abjectly timid or terrified, but fear they do not know.

This fearless awareness of fear suggesting conditions may be due to several causes.

It may result from constitutional make-up, or from long continued training or habituation, or from religious ecstasy, or from a perfectly calm sense of spiritual self hood which is unhurtable, or from the action of very exalted reason.

Whatever the explanation, the fact remains: the very causes which excite fear in most of us, merely appeal, with such people, if at all to the instinct of self-preservation and to reason, the thought-element of the soul which makes for personal peace and wholeness.

Pepper Production In Agriculture

Botanical name:  Capsicum spp
Pepper is a spice crop which adds flavor to our stew and soup. 
 Pepper can be used when green or red; it is rich in vitamins and minerals. 
 It belongs to the family selonaceae.
VARIETIES OF PEPPER
Sweet pepper – capsicum annum
Chilli pepper – capsicum frutescens
CLIMATE REQUIREMENT
Temperature: 150c - 270c
Rainfall: 100cm – 150cm per annum
SOIL REQUIREMENT
Rich well drained loamy soil
Propagation: seed
Planting date: nursery – February to March
TRANSPLANTING TO THE FIELD
April to May
Spacing: 60cm by 60cm
NURSERY PRACTISE
1.   Seeds are drilled in seed boxes or trays containing top soil.
2.   Shade is provided
Watering is done every morning and evening
PLANTING
1.   Weeding: Weeding is done regularly
2.   Fertilizer Application: Apply ammonium sulphate by right method at 100kg per hectare
MATURITY
Pepper matures 2-3 months after transplanting, pepper can be harvested either ripe or unripe with hand or knife.
USE
Used for food
Storage: Dried fruits are stored in sacks and kept in a warm place.
Pests of Pepper: Crickets and grasshopper eat the leaves
Control: Spray with insecticides
DISEASES OF PEPPER
i.             Leaf spot
ii.           Damping off
iii.          Leaf curl
i.        Leaf spot: Caused by a fungus
Symptoms: include spotting of leaves of young  plant
Resulting in decay of flowers and leaves
Control: spray with insecticides
ii.       Damping off: fungal disease spread by water
Symptoms: wither gradually and dry off
Control: seeds should not be sown very close to each other
Spray with copper fungicides
iii.      Leaf curl:   i)      Wrinkling of the leaves
                                      ii.       Stunted growth
Control:      i)       Spray with insecticides
                             ii)      Uproot and burn infected plant
                              iii)     Practice crop rotation.