Botanical
Name: Gossypium Spp.
VARIETIES
i.
Allah
jac
ii. Ishan
Gossypium hirum
Gossypium perurianium
Soil
requirement:
Cotton requires rich, deep loamy or clay soil but avoid planting cotton on
virgin land because it results to more vegetative growth and less seed formation.
Rainfall:
150cm well distributed over 4 to 5 months
Temperature:
250c – 300c especially
during maturity and drying period.
Land
preparation: Deep ploughing about 20cm deep for sole
cropping.
Planting
date: Between
June and July in the North
Seed
rate: 15kg -
20kg per hectare 2 to 3 per hole but you can later thin to one.
Planting
techniques: Plant 4 to 6 seeds per hole at 2.5cm depth and
later thin to 2 seedlings per stand.
POST
PLANNING OPERATION
1. Weeding: Weeding is carried out 3 to 4
times before maturity but the first weeding must be done along with thinning
and it must be done before fertilizer application.
2.
Fertilizer
application:
Apply sulphate to ammonia (NH4S04) immediately after
thinning or apply 125kg of super phosphate per hectare during planting.
3.
Mulching: There is need for mulching to
prevent excessive water and erosion
4.
Maturity: Cotton mature between 5 – 6
months after planting
5.
Harvesting: Harvesting of cotton is done
by hand picking of matured fruits between November and January and it is better
harvested in the afternoon when it is dry.
COTTON
CLOSE SEASON
This is a period when cotton should no more remain on the
field or soil usually mid. March and mid- June.
Yield:
500kg to 1500kg per hectare in developed
world/ country and 500kg per hectare in the north
Local farming 70-150kg per
hectare
Processing
Ginning:
This is the
removal of lints from seeds. Ginning has percentage which is WEIGHT
OF LINTS X 100
Weight of cotton seed
After grading of cotton. It is
packed into unit called bales
A bale of lint is 180kg
ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE OF COTTON (USES)
1. It is used to manufacture
textile
2. It is a good source of planting
material or it is used for planting.
3. Oil can be extracted from
cotton seed
4. Lint is used in making pillow
5. Cotton has medicinal uses
DISEASES
AND PESTS
1. Bacterial blights or black
arm/angular spot
2. Causative organism: bacteria
The disease only
affects the vegetative part of cotton
MODE
OF TRANSMISSION
It is an air-borne disease that
enter into the plant through their stomata
SYMPTOMS
1. Irregular sports on leaves and
branches which can cause the death of the plant
2. Discolouration of lints
CONTROL
1. Treat seeds with chemical
before planting
2. Observe cotton close season
3. Practice crop rotation
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