Computer Safety Security Ethics And Privacy Tips

Today, many people rely on computers to do homework, work in the office, and create or store useful information. Therefore, it is important that the information on the computer be stored safe and kept properly. 

It is also extremely important for people on computers to protect their systems from data loss, misuse, and abuse. For example, it is crucial for businesses to keep information they have secure so that hackers can’t access the information. 

Home users also need to make sure that their credit card numbers are secure when carrying out online transactions.   

A computer security risk is any action that could cause loss of information, software, data, processing incompatibilities, or cause damage to the computer hardware, a lot of these are planned to intend damage. 

An intentional breach in computer security is known as a computer crime which is slightly different from a cyber crime. A cyber crime is known as illegal acts based on the internet and is one of the FBI’s top priorities.

 There are several distinct categories for people that cause cyber crimes and they are refereed as hacker, cracker, cyber terrorist, cyber extortionist, unethical employee, script kiddie and corporate spy. 

The term hacker was actually known as a good word but now it has a very negative view. A hacker is defined as someone who accesses a computer or computer network unlawfully.  They often claim that they do this to find leaks in the security of a network. 

The term cracker has never been associated with something positive this refers to someone how intentionally access a computer or computer network for evil reasons. It’s basically an evil hacker.

 They access it with the intent of destroying, or stealing information. Both crackers and hackers are very advanced with network skills. A cyber terrorist is someone who uses a computer network or the internet to destroy computers for political reasons. 

It’s just like a regular terrorist attack because it requires highly skilled individuals, millions of dollars to implement, and years of planning. The term cyber extortionist is someone who uses emails as an offensive force.

They would usually send a company a very threatening email stating that they will release some confidential information, exploit a security leak, or launch an attack that will harm a company’s network. They will request a paid amount to not proceed sort of like black mailing.

An unethical employee is an employee that illegally accesses the company’s network for numerous reasons. One could be the money they can get from selling top secret information, or some may be bitter and want revenge. 

A script kiddie is someone who is like a cracker because they may have the intentions of doing harm, but they usually lack the technical skills. They are usually silly teenagers that use pre-written hacking and cracking programs. 

A corporate spy has extremely high computer and network skills and is hired to break into a specific computer or computer network to steal or delete data and information. Shady companies hire these type people in a practice known as corporate espionage. They do this to gain an advantage over their competition an illegal practice. 

Business and home users must do their best to protect or safeguard their computers from security risks. The next part of this article will give some pointers to help protect your computer. However, one must remember that there is no one hundred percent guarantee way to protect your computer so becoming more knowledgeable about them is a must during these days. 

When you transfer information over a network it has a high security risk compared to information transmitted in a business network because the administrators usually take some extreme measures to help protect against security risks. Over the internet there is no powerful administrator which makes the risk a lot higher. 

If your not sure if your computer is vulnerable to a computer risk than you can always use some-type of online security service which is a website that checks your computer for email and Internet vulnerabilities.The company will then give some pointers on how to correct these vulnerabilities   The Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center is a place that can do this.

 The typical network attacks that puts computers at risk includes viruses, worms, spoofing, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. 

  Every unprotected computer is vulnerable to a computer virus which is a potentially harming computer program that infects a computer negatively and altering the way the computer operates without the user’s consent. 

Once the virus is in the computer it can spread throughout infecting other files and potentially damaging the operating system itself.

 It’s similar to a bacteria virus that infects humans because it gets into the body through small openings and can spread to other parts of the body and can cause some damage.

The similarity is, the best way to avoid is preparation.  A computer worm is a program that repeatedly copies itself and is very similar to a computer virus.

However the difference is that a virus needs o attach itself to an executable file and become a part of it. A computer worm doesn’t need to do that I seems copies to itself and to other networks and eats up a lot of bandwidth.

A Trojan Horse named after the famous Greek myth and is used to describe a program that secretly hides and actually looks like a legitimate program but is a fake. 

A certain action usually triggers the Trojan horse, and unlike viruses and worms they don’t replicate itself.
Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are all classifies as malicious-logic programs which are just programs that deliberately harms a computer. Although these are the common three there are many more variations and it would be almost impossible to list them. 

You know when a computer is infected by a virus, worm, or Trojan horse if one or m

  Screen shots of weird messages or pictures appear. 
  You have less available memory then you expected

  Music or sounds plays randomly.

  Files get corrupted

  Programs are files don’t work properly

  Unknown files or programs randomly appear

  System properties fluctuate

Computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses deliver their payload or instructions through four common ways. One, when an individual runs an infected program so if you download a lot of things you should always scan the files before executing, especially executable files. Second, is when an individual runs an infected program.

 

Third, is when an individual bots a computer with an infected drive, so that’s why it’s important to not leave media files in your computer when you shut it down. 
Fourth is when it connects an unprotected computer to a network. 

Today, a very common way that people get a computer virus, worm, or Trojan horse is when they open up an infected file through an email attachment. There are literally thousands of computer malicious logic programs and new one comes out by the numbers so that’s why it’s important to keep up to date with new ones that come out each day. 

Many websites keep track of this. There is no known method for completely protecting a computer or computer network from computer viruses, worms, and Trojan horses, but people can take several precautions to significantly reduce their chances of being infected by one of those malicious programs. 

Whenever you start a computer you should have no removable media in the drives. This goes for CD, DVD, and Disks. 

When the computer starts up it tries to execute a boot sector on the drives and even if it’s unsuccessful any given various on the bot sector can infect the computer’s hard disk. 

If you must restart the computer for a particular reason, such as the hard disk failure and you are trying to reformat the drive, make sure the disk is not infected. All The Best!

Why Start A Poultry Farm Business In Nigeria

 Poultry farming is one of the most important aspect of farming for many reasons. It creates great business opportunity for Entrepreneurs, and provides employment for the job seeking citizens. 

This will help you make your decision as regards starting your own poultry farm.
The Chicken and it's products are very rich source of protein, you and I need the proteins derived from chicken to maintain healthy living. 

It is generally believed that every child needs not less than an egg a day for their normal growth.

While every adult needs like ten in a week; Poultry also provides meat for delicacies - no tribe or religion that forbids chicken meat.

Everyone likes it, that's why poultry products sells very fast and in high demand. 

The Benefits of Poultry Farming are so numerous that this page may not contain it all.  Apart from the chicken being used as food, Poultry Farming is equally profitable. A good poultry farmer earns above N20 million per annul depending on how big the farm is. 

All these benefits are open to you if you start your own poultry farm today! There are basically three different breeds of bird for poultry business. We have the Broilers, Cockerels, and Layers. 

The Broilers grows very faster and are ready for sale at 12 weeks from hatch. Cockerels grows slower and can take up to twenty four weeks before they are matured for marketing.

But, Cockerels are reliable in terms of survival and withstanding bad weathers. They are more resilient, and can absorb shocks far better than Layers and Broilers.

Poultry Farming is a bit capital intensive - it's all like trading money to make more money. You need to prepare for this especially if you wants to start on a higher scale. But be assured of making back whatever amount of money you invested in the business in multiple fold within a short period of time.

 Before you venture into poultry farming business, you need to seat back and do proper calculation and planning; make sure you have idea of all the costs involved. Currently there seems to be no high level, hi-tech poultry farms in this country like the ones in USA, Europe and Asia.

Any investor with the nerve and needed capital to venture into it will have reasons to smile within a short period of investment. Till now, Nigeria still imports chicken from other countries because local farmers cannot meet the demand of the over 180 Million citizens.

There is certainly huge market for poultry rearing but the question is: Who will take advantage of the opportunity in the industry. Now - if you're ready to get started here are the basic requirements you need to set up your farm.

Acquire Land in Good Location

One plot of land of 120 x 60 square meter is perfect for setting up medium scale poultry farm, at least for a start. Once you have a land that is big enough for your farm set up, half of your need have been taken care of. 

Land is about the hardest and probably the most expensive part of poultry business in places like Lagos, Abuja, and other major cities.

Since you may not be allowed to carry out Poultry farming among residents or other populated environment due to the smell that is associated with poultry rearing and the subsequent health impact, I'll advice that you look for land in a rural area or in farms.

There you will get lands cheaper, stays out of trouble and do your production there, while your products will be transported to the urban area for sell.

You can get a large chunk of land in a developing area for small amount compared to how much you will get the same size of land in cities.

It is recommended that you get your own poultry farm land and build a permanent farm rather than to lease to avoid disruption.

 If you lease a property, the owner may decide to issue you quit notice at the point you should be settling down and making progress in the business. And relocating always comes with huge cost.

Except you have much money to invest in poultry farming business in a large scale and operate with the best of technology, city may not be ideal for you due to the smelly nature of poultry farm.

If you are in Lagos for example, you can look for land space in nearby ogun state, areas like Ifo, Ijebu, Imota, mowe, etc or Oyo, Osun or Kwara states.
A plot of land in these areas is way cheaper!

Build Chicken House For Your Birds

Chicken Coop or Hen house is the building where your chicken will be kept.
 This is the second most important part of your poultry farm set up.

The sizes and construction varies based on your need but make sure the building is spacious enough for the chicken to run around.

The house should be constructed in a way that you will be able to control the ventilation and air movement.

Get a qualified engineer to do designing and building for you if you are going for large scale construction. Else, you can just visit any good poultry farm to see how the house is constructed.

The diagram below is the typical design of the standard chicken house.
Like I said before, visit Poultry farms to see how it is done in your area. When planning out your Hens house, always remember that space is very important.

Don't compromise on this to avoid frequent loss of your birds through suffocation and contamination.

  Buy Healthy Day Old Chicks For Starting

You need to acquire your birds (normally day-old chicks) and will have to take very good care of them for the first seven to nine weeks of their life. 

You must buy your day-old-chicks from a healthy source -- the productivity of your chicks depends on how healthy they are!

Buy from chicken hatchery that mainly deals with the supplying of different species of day-old chickens.

It's better to buy from the hatchery, Chicken hatchery usually produce good quantity of day old chicks through the use of incubators.
The estimated price for day old chicken in Nigeria is N250 - N450.

Negotiate the prices with the sellers, you can get it cheaper if you're buying from 500 chicks.

Drop your address and phone number below in the comment box if you are day-old-chicken supplier in Nigeria so that people who needs it may patronize you. You may drop your site address if you have. Please, do not pay anyone money until you see the chickens,  419ers are everywhere trying to take advantage of people who have the money.

Be wise with your money and pay only when the goods is supplied! So if you are to start with 500 birds for instance, you will need about N2 million. This will buy you a piece of land which is quite expensive.

And you must ensure that you have enough space for the chickens to run around; then you put up structures because chickens need shelter from the rain and predators.

Get Feeds, Feeders and Water Troughs

Chicken feed is very important if you want good harvest. You can buy feeds at stores and make sure you buy the sack of feed that bears the label for the kind of chickens you have, such as Broiler starter, Chick starter, Layer feeds, etc.

The store feeds are basically balanced feed which will help your chickens do fine if you don't feed them other feeds. Avoid cheap feeds that have low nutritional value -- your bird wouldn't do well with that, don't just buy because they are cheap, buy because the feed is quality and contains good nutritional value.

You can also set out whole grains in a separate feeder if you like. I do. This can save you a lot of money if you have a source of cheap grain, especially if you use a high-protein chicken feed.

For example, a high-protein layer ration with 20% protein will be formulated for use with supplemental grain, with the assumption that the hens will eat about 50% layer ration and 50% grain. Chicks need lots of  protein and will pretty much ignore supplemental grain until they're older and aren't growing as fast. There's really little point in offering them grain until they're 6-8 weeks old. 

Apart from the feeding, you need to regularly vaccinate your chickens to protect them from bird flu and other diseases.
Feeding is extensive, you have to feed them from day-old to maturity.

Important: Light must be available at all time in your poultry farm to keep the chickens warm, especially during raining season when the humidity is always very low.  Look for reliable source of power to supply your poultry house with heat and light. 

Most layers will start laying eggs the moment they are 18 weeks old but some wait till they are about 22 weeks old. Whichever way, Layers farming is considered the most lucrative of all poultry farming.

This is because Layers do two things, they lay eggs which fetch good money in the market, and are equally sold for the meat as spent layers. A full crate of eggs sells for about N800 depending on size. If your Layers are large enough to produce 10,000 crates of large eggs which sells for N900, you will be making at least N900 X 10,000 = N9,000,000 From eggs alone!

The chickens itself is another ball game! A fully grown chicken sells for between N3,000 and N3,500 (N1,500 to N2,000 at wholesale price) depending on the size and maturity level.  Therefore, ten thousand chickens will give you N1,500 x 10,000 = N15,000,000!
NOTE: The above is just estimated based on time sources and prices as at the time of this post. 

It will be updated as always but kindly note that the data and income uses above are subject to inflation and other factors in the environment that the poultry farm is being practiced. Thank you for reading. Best Wishes.