The Benefits And How To Start Planting Oil Palm In Nigeria

The use of red oil palm fruit to extract edible and useful red oil has been in practice all over the world for many centuries. 

Almost the entire economy of countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia depends solely on palm oil exportation. 

Making the country one of the biggest player in the palm oil industry, account for the estimated 5% of global productions. 

Malaysia is currently producing more than 20 million tonnes of palm oil and holds the second largest palm oil producer position in the world. 

Malaysia actually got their palm fruit from Nigeria who used to be the origin of this product and one of the biggest producer in the past. 

What really happened to this sector of viable agriculture in Nigeria? If the wealth of entire nation could depend on this product, does that not tell you the amount of revenue in palm oil plantation business?
Palm oil is the red oil extract from the oil palm fruit 'Elaeis guineensis' while palm kernel oil is also derived from the seed of the same oil palm fruit. 

Palm oil is the best cooking oil in the world due to it's low content of cholesterol. It a healthy cooking oil, more health than the vegetable oil in the market.

Palm oil is sold both in the local and international markets. If you have good quantity of palm oil, selling it is never a problem because it is a product that always in high demand. 

A good palm oil plantation is capable of producing thousands of tonnes of palm oil in a year that can be sold for millions in the local market or exported to oversea and sell for foreign currency.

Why are farmers shying away from this goldmine? 

The main reason most farmers are not paying attention to oil palm plantation is because they think that palm tree take so many years to mature to the point of production, therefore they are not ready to wait. 

That is total ignorance, there are varieties of palm tree that starts producing just two years after planting. 

High Yield Palm Oil Tree

if you start your own palm plantation this year, you could start harvesting your palm produce in about two years time.

 Start planting oil palm tree now.

This is how to proceed with setting up your oil palm plantation.

Look for suitable land - most lands especially South East and South West of Nigeria is suitable for palm tree survival and proper yield. 

Get a good quantity of land in acres in a good location. Good location I mean land in a place that is accessible  to tractors and lorries would be able to get in there.

If you are not sure of the quality of the land soil, whether it is suitable for palm tree plantation or not, you can take the sample to Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) they will be able to analyze and make recommendation. You can get much more additional information from them as regard your venture and the merits.

After buying the land, you prepare it in good condition -  I recommend that you use Tractor Soil Pulverizers to loosen the soil, pulverize, and level packed or encrusted soils, removing hard roots in preparation for palm seeding, making them well suited for planting.

But before preparing the land, you have to get the palm nursery ready. You have two options:

Germinate your own seed - Get the high yield seed from the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research or any other places you can find it and make it germinate. 

If you do not take care of the seeds, it will take them several years to germinate. To make it germinate fast, the seeds are kept in a very hot room. This makes the seeds to germinate in about 90 to 100 days.

When the seeds are germinated, you transfer them into small plastic container with black loam manured oil. They will grow new leaf every month. 

The young seedlings will stays in the container for 4 to 5 months. When the seedling begins to bring out new left with two points (bifid leaf) you start transplanting the seedling to the nursery.

The seedlings will stay in the nursery for 1 year. By that time, they will have about 15 green leaves, then you finally transplant them into your prepared farm land. 

The overall period it will take before the seedlings are transplanted into the farm 15 to 17 months old.

Oil Palm Seedling

Or you can just go to the agriculture institute to buy already prepared seedling for like N150 per seedling. 

If you are planting 10,000 palms, you will have to have 150 x 10,000 = N1.5 Million. 

So, germinating your own seedling is less costly but takes some times.

Planting your Seedlings - You palm need to be planted preferably at the rainy season when it will have enough water in the soil for sustaining the young palm. Plant with proper spacing, taking into cognizance grown period when the palm frond will be spread all over the place

It is important to plant at the right density, the spacing in the above quotation is considered low density and low density oil palm doesn't produce well. 

Therefore, to be sure of the right density before planting, you must peg out the area properly. 

The distance must be the same between rows and in each row should also be the same distance between oil palms. 

If the oil palms are planted too close together, the roots get in each others way, and the leaves do not have enough air and sun: the yield will be low.   

If the oil palms are not planted close enough together, each separate tree produces much, but the roots do not use all the soil: the yield per hectare will be low.

The proper pegging measurement - Trace lines across the slope and put in your pegs in straight lines; leave 7.8 meters between rows and 9 metres between pegs. 

In this way you can plant 143 oil palms per hectare; this is the best density. Pull out tree stumps and remove fallen trees close to the pegs, because these stumps and trees would interfere with the oil palms.

Having done your part of setting up your oil palm plantation in Nigeria, the next is to maintain it and wait for your yield. Palm tree starts yielding fruits just two years after planting. 

From that moment onwards, you will be harvesting cash all year round for generations. 

Do delicate research about the natural condition of the area. 

It includes rain precipitation, sun light, water deficit, temperature, humidity, absence of rain in a year, soil characteristic, topography, organic/peat quality, soil drainage, top soil thickness, etc. 

Even Okomu and Presco share the same state but their soil quality is different and water deficit is different, at the end they get different result. 

You only will make USD 500 profit from one hectare of oil palm plantation in A YEAR if you don't process it into CPO/red oil. 

It bases on report regarding small scale oil palm grower in Indonesia and Malaysia. 

 it is very important to do soil analysis and carry out detailed research about the area you wants to start your palm plantation..

Forget those report that are mostly carried out in an AC office without recourse to what is obtainable in reality. 

The report is said to be BASED on Indonesia and Malaysia small scale palm growers, the same countries whose entire economy is powered by Palm.

USD 500 is very realistic sum for planning an investment, because you can't say the whole 25 years you are going to get maximum yield. 

Matter a fact peak period of oil palm is only 5-6 years and the rest only give maximum 80-90% yield.

 First harvest in the forth year only going to give 30% yield, fifth year increase to 50-60%, and continue to increase gradually till it reaches its peak period then start declining again. 

 Research is done with real people, real plantation, real work. It is good for being optimistic but it is dangerous for being blinded by optimism. 

That is why it is important to do delicate research before starting your plantation.